Quartz Crystals Quartz crystals typically grow in fluids at elevated temperatures between 150°C and 600°C, but they also grow at ambient conditions (Mackenzie and Gees, 1971; Ries and Menckhoff, 2008). Quartz is best known for the beautiful crystals …
The amorphous C-S-H gel formed using reactive silica and calcium hydroxide was shown to fill in the voids between the particles and grow on the particle surface. Therefore, a C-S-H gel with a reticulate structure can connect the unreacted quartz particles together to generate a compressive strength. Download : Download high-res image (361KB)
A concrete dam was built on the early 1970s in the Douro River about 70 km from the estuary in the Atlantic Ocean, at Porto city. According to other studies developed in Portugal and some reports in the literature, granitic aggregates can be potentially reactive in concrete. The study of the concrete was, therefore, focused on the assessment of the deterioration of …
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are produced on an industrial scale and are an addition to a growing number of commercial products. SNPs also have great potential for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine. Contrary to the well-studied crystalline micron-sized silica, relatively little information exists on the toxicity of its amorphous and nano …
Garnet is a common U-bearing mineral in various magmatic and metamorphic rocks with a high U–Pb closure temperature (> 850 °C), rendering it a potentially valuable U–Pb geochronometer. However, a high U (> 10 ppm) garnet reference material that suits both quadrupole and/or multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is …
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Crystalline silica is a common mineral found in the earth's crust. Materials like sand, stone, concrete, and mortar contain crystalline silica. It is also used to make products such as glass, pottery, ceramics, bricks, and artificial stone. Respirable crystalline silica – very small particles at least 100 times smaller than ordinary sand you ...
The solid mixture was ground for 25 and 50 min at 1400 rpm by the high energy ball mill grinder (Forh Scientific FTS 1000 with 30 mL Teflon jars and two 10 mm ZrO 2 grinding balls). After the grinding, the fine powder mixture was transferred to a 30 mL Teflon lined steel Parr autoclave and heated in a box oven at 180 °C for 24 h, 48 h, or ...
During earthquake propagation, geologic faults lose their strength, then strengthen as slip slows and stops. Many slip-weakening mechanisms are …
silicone (lubricants, hydraulic fluids, basis for paints, etc.), silica gel, water glass, for isolation of elemental silicon and for growing crystals for the semiconductor industry (Matthes 1987) Enamel and ceramics industry: powdered quartz (< 63 µm particle diameter, milled in an iron-free mill, Fe 2O 3 content < 0.05 %, Al 2O
Materials is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of materials science and engineering published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Portuguese Materials Society (SPM), Spanish Materials Society (SOCIEMAT) and Manufacturing Engineering Society (MES) are affiliated with Materials and their members receive a discount on the article processing …
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Foundry occupations with particularly high potential exposures to quartz (e.g., sand or silica flour) are those jobs that involve sand preparation and reclamation, knocking-out or shaking-out, cleaning of castings (i.e., fettling, …
Crystalline silica is an abundant and commonly found natural material. Hazardous human exposure to RCS, primarily quartz dusts, occurs mainly in industrial and occupational settings. Respirable quartz levels exceeding 0.1 mg/m3 are …
Minerals is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of natural mineral systems, mineral resources, mining, and mineral processing. Minerals is published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges () paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, …
1. Exposure Data. Silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO 2), is a group IV metal oxide, which naturally occurs in both crystalline and amorphous forms (i.e. polymorphic; NTP, 2005).The various forms of crystalline silica are: α-quartz, β-quartz, α-tridymite, β-tridymite, α-cristobalite, β-cristobalite, keatite, coesite, stishovite, and moganite (NIOSH, 2002).
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We performed shearing experiments on quartz-rich rock, but did not find evidence for silica gel, where gel is a "jellylike substance formed by …
Silica gel extraction was carried out in three steps, as indicated by the flowchart in Figure 2: cleaning of the rice husk residual ash with hydrochloric acid (HCl) 3% v/v; extraction of the ...
Silica gel was used as the starting material to synthesize nano-sized quartz in the presence of alkaline solution. The experiments were carried out in autoclaves under the conditions of …
The synthetic crystals are grown at high temperatures from superheated waters that are rich in dissolved silica. These manufactured crystals can be grown in shapes, sizes and colors that match the needs of manufacturing processes. The …
This ratio increases from 2.0 in quartz to 2.6 in the collected silica gel, showing the higher amorphous silica content of the collected gel sample; this ratio is 11.4 in the commercial silica gel. The bands observed at 470–520 cm −1, 790–810 cm −1, and 1070–1180 cm −1 are characteristic of quartz [48], consistent with the XRD ...
Silica powders ranging in total impurity content from 0.120 to 0.020 wt % were prepared by grinding quartz glass in a planetary mill using agate vials, fol-lowed by purification in a 3 : 1 mixture of the HF and HNO 3 acids. High-purity amorphous SiO 2 containing 0.010 to 0.001 wt % impurities was prepared by a sol–